不同施肥量对超级杂交稻群体质量与产量形成的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizer Rate on Population Quality and Yield Formation of Super Hybrid Rice

2004-2005年在长沙大田栽培条件下,以准两优527和两优293为材料,研究了低肥(N 135kg/hm2、P 29.7kg/hm2、K 112.1kg/hm2)、中肥(N 180kg/hm2、P 39.6kg/hm2、K 149.4kg/hm2)、高肥(N 225kg/hm2、P 49.5kg/hm2、K 186.8kg/hm2)对超级杂交稻产量、产量构成和某些栽培生理指标的影响。结果表明:(1)产量及有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率等各施肥量处理间的差异不显著,但两年间的差异显著;(2)总干物质重与产量呈高度正相关,其相关系数准两优527为0.9377**,两优293为0.8630**;(3)某些栽培生理指标的品种间差异明显,其中两优293叶面积指数大、分蘖能力强,前中期干物质生产优势明显,但分蘖成穗率不高。准两优527前中期生长平稳,分蘖成穗率高,后期干物质生产优势明显,但抗倒伏能力弱。

Field experiments with Super hybrid rice cultivars （LY-293 and ZLY-527） were conducted in Changsha city in 2004-2005 by using split-plot design with 4 replicates. Three fertilizing treatments, i.e., the low rate （N 135kg/hm^2 ＋ P 29.7kg/hm^2 ＋ K 112.1kg/hm^2）, the middle rate （N 180kg/hm^2 ＋ P 39.6kg/hm^2 ＋ K 149.4kg/hm^2） and the high rate （N 225kg/hm^2 ＋ P 49.5kg/hm^2 ＋ K 186.8kg/hm^2） were experimented to study yield.yield formation.dry matter accumulation and partition and some physiology indexes. The main results were summarized as follows： （1）there were significant differences of the yield and effective panicle number, spikelets number per panicle and grain filling percentage between two years, but not among the fertilizer treatments; （2）there were significantly positive correlation between the total dry matter production and the grain yield in super hybrid rice, and the correlation coefficient of ZLY-527 and LY-293 is 0.9377^＊＊ and 0.8630^＊＊, respectively; （3） some physiology indexes were different between two cultivars of which LY-293 performed as stronger tillering ability, finer Leaf Area Index, lower productive tiller percentage, high dry matter production during the early and mid-growth periods, and ZLY-527 had higher yielding performance characteristics with more stable tillering growth at the early growth stage and higher tiller productive percentage at the mid-growth stage and high dry matter production during the late growth period.