从认知语境看言语交际中谎言的生成和理解

Production and Interpretation of Lies in Cognitive Context

传统的谎言研究主要是对谎言定义和分类的零星讨论,没有关注谎言和认知的关系。谎言本质上是一种认知语用效果,是交际者根据自己的认知语境假设对某一言语表述进行主观判断的结果。谎言的生成和理解都离不开认知语境的参与,而认知又和意识程度密切相关。人在说谎时总是具有很高的意识程度。

Traditional studies on lies ＇mainly concentrate on the definition and classification of lies but pay little attention to the relation between cognition and lies. This thesis holds that a lie in essence is a kind of cognitive-pragmatic effect since whether an utterance is a lie or not needs the communicators＇ cognitive reasoning. Both the production and interpretation of lies call for the participation of cognitive context which is closely related to salience. The production of lies occurs with a high salience.