土地利用变化对长江上游生态系统服务价值的影响

Effect of land use change on ecosystem services value of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

该文以典型生态脆弱带——长江上游地区1980、1990和2000年的土地利用动态数据为基础,参照中国陆地生态系统单位面积服务价值表,结合敏感度分析,探讨了土地利用变化及其对生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明,1980-1990年研究区林地、草地和湿地面积都有不同程度增长,生态系统服务价值呈增加趋势;但在1990-2000年间,建设用地、耕地和未利用地面积大幅度增加,且大多来源于林地和草地等地类的转化或退化,使得整个研究期间内各项生态系统服务功能都出现不同程度的衰退。生态系统服务价值也从1980年的11119.16亿元减少到2000年的11077.85亿元,净减少值为41.31亿元。该区域快速城市化和以经济利益为目的的发展模式给生态系统服务功能和可持续发展带来巨大压力,这种生态环境急剧退化的趋势必须引起高度重视并进行有效控制。

Based on dynamic data of land use in 1980, 1990 and 2000, and by the table of Chinese ecosystem service value per unit area of different ecosystem types and ecological sensitivity analysis, a typical ecological fragile zones of the upper reach of Yangtze River was selected to explore land use changes and their effects on the ecosystem services value. Results showed that area of forest, grassland and wetland had the varying degree growth, and ecosystem service values showed an upward trend in the study region from 1980 to 1990. However, due to a dramatic increase in the area of construction land, farmland and unused land from 1990 to 2000, which were mainly transferred from forest and grass land, all kinds of ecosystem functions declined in different extents during the whole study period. The total ecosystem service values of the study region reduced from 11 119.16× 10^8 Yuan in 1980 to 11 077.85 × 10^8 Yuan in 2000, with the net decline of 41.31 × 10^8 Yuan. The rapid urbanization and development mode aimed at economic interests have brought significant harm to the local ecosystem service functions and sustainable development.