鄂中地区氮磷钾用量对油菜产量及经济效益的影响

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Rates on the Yield and Economic Benefit of Rape in Central Hubei Province

探究不同氮磷钾肥用量对油菜生长、产量及经济效益的影响,为油菜合理施肥提供科学依据。利用"3414"设计原理,在湖北省沙洋县布置田间试验,并运用数学模型对结果进行统计分析。结果表明:氮主要影响油菜株高、单株角果数和千粒重,磷主要影响单株角果数,钾主要影响油菜的千粒重。施氮油菜最高增产2 185.5 kg/hm2,增加纯收入6 998.8元/hm2;施磷油菜最高增产775.5 kg/hm2,增加纯收入2 527.1元/hm2;施钾油菜最高增产255.0 kg/hm2,增加纯收入578.5元/hm2。本试验条件下,施氮效果最好,施磷次之,施钾有一定的增产增收效果。结合当地油菜生产实际,确定推荐肥料最佳施用量分别为N 214.5 kg/hm2、P2O566.0 kg/hm2和K2O 108.0 kg/hm2。

The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium rates on the growth, yield and economic benefit of rape were studied using the ＇3414＇ fertilizer efficiency experiment and mathematical model in Shayang County, Hubei Province to provide the scientific basis for the rational fertilization. The results showed that the plant height, pods number per plant and 1 000-seed weight were mainly influenced by nitrogen fertilizer, the pods number per plant was mainly influenced by phosphorus fertilizer, and the 1 000-seed weight was mainly influenced by potassium fertilizer. The maximum increment was 2 185.5 kg/hm^2, 775.5 kg/hm^2 and 255.0 kg/hm^2, respectively, and the net income per hectare increased by 6 998.8 yuan, 2 527. 1 yuan and 578.5 yuan, respectively by the treatment of N3P2K2, N2P2K2 and N2P2K2, respectively. The optimal application amount was N 214.0 kg/hm^2, P2O5 66.0 kg/hm^2 and K2O 108 kg/hm^2 based on the local production practice of rape.