从“居养”到“参与”:中国残疾人社会保护政策的演变

From Residential Care to Social Participation:Evolution of Social Protection Policies of Disabled in China

本文考察了中国残疾人社会保护政策的发展历史,将其概括为两个发展阶段,即"居养"阶段和"参与"阶段。居养政策的理论基础是人道主义和仁政,以院舍收养作为残疾人社会保护的主要方式,导致残疾人的社会隔离;权利模式的理论出发点是平等和权利,通过构建权利体系保障残疾人的平等参与权,从而实现残疾人的社会回归。目前,中国残疾人社会保护正从"居养"政策向权利政策转向。

In this article, the history of the development of social protection policies of disabled persons in China was studied and divided into two stages ： the ＇ Residential Care＇ period and the ＇ Social Participation＇ period. The residential care policies were based on humanism and benevolent ideology and care house or nursing home were employed as the main form of social protection of disabled, leading to social isolation of people with disabilities. On the other hand, social participation policies were derived from conception of equality and rights. By establishing the rights system to protect the equal social participation of disabled, this right model may promote social integration of people with disabilities. At present, social protection of disabled people in China is shifting from ＇ residential care＇ policies to rights policies.