深圳市龙岗区急诊护士人口学特征与工作压力的关系

Study on the Relationship between Demographic Features and Job Pressure of Emergency Nurses in Longgang District, Shenzhen

目的探讨深圳市龙岗区急诊护士工作压力情况及其在人口学特征方面的特点。方法对在深圳市龙岗区14家医院工作的228名急诊护士,采用中国护士工作压力源量表进行调查,并按人口学特征分组,比较其压力源得分的差异。结果(1)本组急诊护士不同的性别、年龄、学历、婚姻、子女数、急诊年资、来急诊工作原因以及调离急诊意愿等存在工作压力水平的差异(P<0.01或P<0.05)。(2)本组急诊护士的整体工作压力为中度以上,得分为(1.72±0.54)分,压力最高的前3个因子依次为:社会地位与职业发展(2.21±0.65)分、患者及家属态度(2.08±0.83)分、工作环境和工作性质(1.85±0.62)分。(3)急诊年资与工作压力呈一定负相关(r=-0.17),学历与工作压力呈一定正相关(r=0.21)。结论40岁以下、急诊科工作年资≤2年、未婚未育的高学历急诊科护士,特别是不喜欢急诊科工作者压力程度最高,建议护理管理者在选聘急诊护士时注意。

Objective To study the relationship between the demographic features and job pressure of emergency nurses in Longgang District, Shenzhen. Methods By means of the Chinese Nurses＇ Job Pressure Sources Scale, a survey was made with 228 emergency nurses in 14 hospitals in Longgang District. A comparison was made of the differences in the job pressure sources scores, with the nurses grouped according to their demographic features. Results Factors such as gender, age, educational background, marriage, number of children, length of emergency work, cause of choosing emergency work and inclination to leave the job all counted in their job pressure difference （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. The overall job pressure of this group was on the moderate level, scoring （1.72±0.54）, with the factors scoring the top three being social status and professional development （2.21±0.65）, the patients＇ and their dependents＇ attitudes （2.08±0.83）, and the work environment and job definition （1.85±0.62）. The length of emergency work is negatively （r=-0.17）, and the educational background, positively （r=0.21）, correlated with the job pressure. Conclusion The nurses aged below 40, with the length of emergency work within two years, not interested in the emergency work and with high educational background have the greatest job pressure. It is suggested that the nursing administration take this fact into account while employing nurses for the emergency department.