论美国保护预备被监护人权益的基本原则

On Common Principles for Protecting the Interests of the Proposed Ward in American Guardianship System

预备被监护人是指即将被安排监护的当事人。经过十余年改革,美国成年监护制度形成了保护预备被监护人权益的一系列基本原则。这些原则包括:"实质性损害"标准、最小限制性替代措施、"功能性行为能力"标准、正当程序原则。我国成年监护制度立法理念相对落后,借鉴美国的成功经验来重构和完善我国的成年监护制度具有重要意义。

Proposed ward refers to the man who should be appointed with a guardian. During the decade of reform, common principles for protecting the interests of the proposed ward in American guardianship have emerged. These include： ＂substantial harm＂ standard, least restrictive alternative,＂ functional capacity＂ standard due process. Chinese adult guardianship legislation is relatively backward compared to American adult guardianship legislation. Successful experience of American adult guardianship reforms is important inspiration and reference for the reconstruction and perfection of Chinese a- dult guardian.