18—19世纪中期英国交通运输的建设与农业市场的扩展

The Construction of Transportation and the Expansion of Agricultural Market in England during mid-18-19^(th) Century

18世纪中期至19世纪中期英国接连掀起公路、运河和铁路建设的高潮,三者共同形成一个全国性的交通网络,这对于沟通农业与市场的联系起了很大促进作用。农业所需物资及农产品通过发达的交通能迅速便利地交流,大大降低了成本、提高了效率。英国农民对市场反应的灵敏也有赖于此,从某种程度上讲也就刺激了农业生产。另一方面,交通运输网络的形成又促进了市场的扩大与完善,这对于英国农业,对于英国整体经济的发展都有重大的意义。

From the mid - 18th century to the mid - 19th century, a series construction of high- ways, canals and railway had reached the climax in England. Thus, the national transportation network was formed, which played a significant role in promoting the development of agricultural market in England. Materials and products in the field of agriculture could be rapidly exchanged through the advanced transportation network that greatly reduced the transportation cost and improved the efficiency, which had stimulated the agricultural production in turn. Peasants in England became more sensitive to the market. On the other hand, the transportation network had facilitated the expansion and improvement of the agricultural market in England, which definitely benefited the British agriculture and national economy as a whole.