近岸堆积冰形成过程的原型调查

Field investigations of piled ice forming in coastal area

为获取辽东湾近岸堆积冰特征,利用CCD监测、数码照相和GPS定位等现代技术,通过现场定点连续监视和堆积冰外边缘线踏勘,以及堆积冰外边缘断面的等距离正面照相,获得辽东湾堆积冰边缘流冰运动速度、方向和密集度等参数.统计分析了流冰运动参数与当地潮位、潮流变化的关系,以及堆积冰宽度、边缘断面、高度和起伏角度等几何特征参数.结果表明:堆积冰的形成与平行海岸的潮流速度关系不大,而与流冰厚度、潮位、风速风向有很大关系;堆积冰边缘的流冰运动速度、密集度和潮位直接相关;堆积冰的最大外边缘线不超过零米等水深线;堆积冰高度一般小于2 m,最大为2.8 m;堆积断面起伏的平均切角为22°.

Modern techniques of CCD, digital cameras and GPS were used to obtain the representative values of piled ice along the coast of Liaodong Gulf, Bohai Sea. Parameters such as ice floe movement speeds, directions and their concentrations in front of piled ice were obtained via mooring continuous CCD monitoring in situ, exploring along piled ice edge with GPS, and photographing on the vertical section in front of the piled ice edge. Based on these investigation data, the relationships between floe ice movement speeds, directions and tidal positions, tidal current speeds, directions were concluded and the width, height and slope angles of pile ice sections were analyzed. Results show that the piled ice forming does not depend on the speed of tidal current which is parallel to piled ice edge, but much depends on ice floe thickness, tidal levels, wind directions and speeds; the ice floe speed and its concentration in front of piled ice is controlled by tidal levels; the positions of the piled ice edge along coastal does not occur below the 0 m water isoline; piled ice height usually is less than 2 m, the maximum is 2.8 m; the average slope angle of the piled ice in the vertical section is 22°.