“狼来了”道德故事原型的价值逻辑及其重构

Value Logic and Its Reconstruction of the Moral Fable "The Shepherd-boy and The Wolf"

中国社会正在遭受前所未有的道德困扰。分析"狼来了"道德故事原型的价值逻辑,可以从一个新的视角解释广泛社会生活领域中人们责任心和道德感缺失的心理根源。以"狼来了"为原型的道德故事所蕴涵的价值逻辑是典型功利主义的。人们为了逃避"恶报"而不为恶,不为恶只是外在的条件性行为或强制性要求,而非内心的愿望与选择;为了追求"善报"而为善,"善行"也不再有"善性",只是换取自己所偏好利益的"工具"而已。基于对日常道德生活经验的分析,应重申道德行为的利他性,把行为者对"我"与"他"、"我们"与"他们"一体性、同体性的认识与体验看成是道德意愿和道德行为的前提与基础。同情心的产生即是这种认识和体验的结果,同情心的萎缩是造成普遍社会道德问题的直接原因。教育必须把唤醒和培育人们的同情心以及建立于其上的义务感和道德良知作为重要的社会目标加以追求。"狼来了"的道德故事还可以继续讲下去,但在讲述的过程中应该关注听众同情心的唤醒和培育而不是用撒谎的负面后果恐吓他们。

Chinese society has been confronting with unprecedented moral dilemma. The psychological root of the absence of responsibility and moral sense in wide social fields can be interpreted with a new perspective by analyzing the value logic of the well-known fable ＂The Shepherd-boy and the Wolf＂. It concludes that the fable of ＂The Shepherd-boy and the Wolf＂ advocates typical value logic of utilitarianism. If the reason that people don＇t do immoral thing is just to escape from being treated badly, ＂Do Not Do Immoral Thing＂ itself could be only considered as conditional behavior or compelled behavior, instead of preferred or chosen behavior; If the reason that people do moral thing is just to seek after personal fame or interests, there is no virtues in such moral behavior, it is just the ＂tool＂ to exchange the interest that to one＇s advocate. Based on the analysis of everyday＇s moral experiences, the altruism of moral behaviors should be reclaimed, which could be possible under the prerequisite of recognition and experience of wholeness and sameness between ＂I＂ and ＂He＂ , ＂We＂and ＂They＂. Sympathy comes from this recognition and experience, and social moral issues would occur if peoples＇ sympathy had shrunken. Education should strive to wake up and bring up shrunken sympathy and related sense of obligation and moral consciousness in broad public sphere. The fable of ＂The Shepherd-boy and The Wolf＂ could be taught continuously, however, the story narrator should be an awakener of audience＇s sympathy instead of terrifying them by a certain kind of liar＇s negative outcomes.