汕头市氟病区改水后地氟病患病率变化规律的回顾性调查

Retrospective investigation on Change in Incidence Rates of Endemic Fluorosis in Epidemic Fluorosis Areas of Shantou City with Drinking Water Improvement

目的通过对汕头市氟病区改水前后儿童地氟病患病情况的调查,分析汕头市氟病区儿童地氟病的影响因素。方法采用回顾性流行病学方法,调查汕头市氟病区改水时间和方式,饮用水水氟含量的测定采用氟离子电极法,氟斑牙检查根据《氟斑牙临床诊断标准》(WS/WH208-2001)进行。结果汕头市氟病区饮水型高氟区改水后,居民饮用水氟含量不超过1mg/L,改水4年后的氟病区儿童氟斑牙患病率显著低于未改水氟病区(P<0.01),改水超过8年后,儿童氟斑牙患病率低于30%。结论儿童地氟病患病率与改水年限呈负相关,改水降氟是消除氟危害的主要措施。

[ Objective ] Through the investigation on endemic fluorosis prevalence of children in epidemic fluorosis areas of Shantou City before and after water improvement, to analyze the influencing factors. [ Methods ] Retrospective analysis was adopted to investigate how and when to perform water improvement. The fluoride content in drinking water was measured by Fluoride Electrode, and the examination of dental fluorosis was conducted by ＂ Clinical Diagnostic Standard for Dental Fluorosis＂ （ WS/WH208 - 2001 ）. [ Results] Since the drinking water improvement, the fluoride content in drinking water had been no more than 1 mg/L. In the 4th year of water improvement, the prevalence of dental fluorosis among children in these areas were significantly lower than those in the epidemic fluorosis areas without water improvement （ P 〈 0. 01） ; while in the 8th year of drinking water improvement, the incidence of children＇s dental fluorosis in these epidemic fluorosis areas was below 30%. [ Conclusion] The prevalence of endemic fluorosis in children was negatively related to the number of years of water improvement. Reducing fluoride by water improvement is an effective measure for eliminating fluorine harms.