中国城乡公共产品供给失衡的制度性因素剖析

Analysis of the Institutional Factors for the Urban-rural Imbalanced Supply of Public Goods in China

改革开放以后,二元体制的影响在转轨时期并没有完全消除,公共产品供给城乡失衡现象十分严重。进入新世纪,我国政府重新定位了城乡关系,加强了对农村和农业的投入。但是,公共产品供给"城市倾向"的政府激励机制问题、区域经济发展竞争机制问题、财政体制问题和农村社区型公共产品供给的动员机制问题依然存在,这导致各级地方政府提供农村公共产品的动力和能力都存在不足。城乡公共产品供给走向平衡有赖于一个包含政府治理体制改革和财政体制改革在内的综合改革,而这又取决于各级政府能否真正变革发展观念。

Since China＇s reform and opening--up policy, the impact of dual system in the transition period has not yet completely eliminated, the urban--rural imbalanced supply of public goods is still very serious. Entering into the 21st century, the Chinese government has redefined the urban--rural relationship and increased the investment on agriculture and countryside. However, there exist still many institutional factors which result in the urban--biased supply of public goods, the institutional factors include mainly： government incentive mechanism, competition mechanism of regional economic development, financial system and the incentive mechanism of supply of public goods in rural community. Those factors make the local governments lack of motivation and capacity in providing rural public goods. The balanced urban--rural supply of public goods relies on the comprehensive reforms including especially government governance reform and financial system reform, and the comprehensive reforms lie on the fundamental changes of the concept on development by various levels of governments.