中国2005年部分地区农村妇女产前检查状况分析

Analysis on the status of antenatal checkup program in certain areas of China, 2005

目的了解中国部分地区农村妇女产前检查现状并分析其影响因素。方法在10个省46个项目县采用分层随机抽样的方法，对230个乡920个村的13532名3岁以下儿童母亲进行面对面的问卷调查。采用SPSS11．5软件进行统计分析，对产前检查的影响因素进行牙检验和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果13532名妇女产前检查覆盖率为95．7％，平均产前检查为4．9次。≥5次产前检查比例为50．8％。孕早期检查比例为25．9％，不同省的产前检查覆盖率、≥5次产前检查比例和孕早期检查比例差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。不同年龄、不同文化程度、不同民族和不同家庭经济情况产前检查利用情况不同。文盲妇女的产前检查覆盖率、≥5次产前检查和孕早期检查比例最低，分别为91．4％、27．9％和18．3％。汉族和25—34岁年龄组的妇女≥5次产前检查和孕早期检查比例较少数民族妇女和其他年龄组的妇女高。家庭中有电视机的妇女≥5次产前检查和孕早期检查比例分别为52．8％和26．7％。家庭中有交通工具的妇女≥5次产前检查和孕早期检查比例分别为56．7％和28．1％。多因素logistic分析显示，民族、母亲文化程度、年龄、家庭是否拥有电视机和交通工具、是否接受过孕期保健宣传和住院分娩动员与产前检查有统计学联系。结论欠发达地区、文盲、自我保健意识差和少数民族等农村妇女产前检查比例低。

Objective To investigate the status and related factors on antenatal checkup program in women from certain parts of China. Methods A total number of 13 532 mothers who had children under-3 years of age, from 920 village in 46 counties, were recruited through random sampling methodology. SPSS 11.5, Z 2 test and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results The coverage of antennal care was 95.7%, with the average times of antenatal checkup as 4.9. The proportion of women who received five and more times of antenatal checkup was 50.8%. 25.9% of the pregnant women received antenatal checkup before 12 weeks of gestation. There were significant differences among data on antenatal coverage and the proportion of ≥5 times antenatal checkup as well as having received antenatal checkup before 12 weeks （P〈0.01）. Factors including age, education, nationality and economic situation had influenced the rates on antenatal checkup. Women with illiteracy had a lower antenatal checkup rate than those literate. Women under Han nationality and at 25-34 years of age had higher rates on antenatal checkup than other minorities or at other age groups. Rates on women having had ≥5 times of antenatal checkup or having antenatal checkup before 12 weeks of gestation were 52.8% and 26.7% in the families that owned a television set and 56.7%, 28.1% in the families that owned traffic tools. Data from factor analysis revealed that nationality, age, women＇ s education level, properties as owning television set or traffic tools in the families, knowledge on hospital delivery and health education provided during pregnancy were related to the rates of antenatal checkup. Conclusion The quality of antenatal checkup, especially at the first 1 weeks, should be improved.