河南省1950--2008年流行性乙型脑炎监测

Surveillance and control of Japanese encephalitis in Henan province, 1950- 2008

目的分析河南省流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）动态变化趋势及流行特征。方法分析河南省1950--2008年乙脑疫情、监测点宿主动物、媒介蚊虫的监测资料；用ELISA方法检测宿主动物血清乙脑IgG抗体；用SPSS12．0、Excel2003软件统计分析、绘图。结果河南省乙脑发病呈波动性下降趋势；发病高峰为7—9月，占总病例的88．09％；地域分布呈由北向南逐渐递增的特点，20世纪80年代至2008年主要集中于南部和东南部地区；全省以0～14岁年龄组发病为主（81．95％），职业以散居儿童为多（47．11％），洛阳市≥15岁组发病明显上升（58．93％），职业以农民为多（42．33％）；各监测点仔猪乙脑抗体出现50％阳转的时间有差别，反映了乙脑发病强度的高低；各监测点主要蚊种构成不同，蚊虫密度高峰与乙脑发病高峰相一致。结论根据乙脑发病的地域变迁、年龄、职业差异的特点，结合宿主动物、媒介蚊虫的监测结果，针对性地制定乙脑防制策略。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and trend of Japanese encephalitis （JE） in Henan province. Methods Adopting descriptive epidemiological method to analyze the data on the epidemic situation of JE from 1950 to 2008, and on mosquitoes and host animals at disease surveillance points. The host serum JE IgG antibody was detected by ELISA. Data was analyzed using SPSS 12.0 and Excel 2003 software. Results The incidence of JE in Henan province had a fluctuant downward trend. Peak of the incidence fell in July to September, accounting for 88.09% of total cases. The scope of geographical distribution was increasing from northern to southern parts of the province. Cases mainly concentrated in the southern and south-eastern parts of the province. 0-14 year-old group had the highest incidence （81.95 % ）. In Luoyang city, there was a significant increase in children at 15-years or older （58.93 % ）. Most patients were farmers （42.33 % ）. The positive-times for half of the antibodies of JE in piglets of the surveillance sentinels were different, which might be the reason for the different levels for the incidence rates. The proportion of different kinds of mosquitoes were also different in surveillance sentinel sites, and the time for the density peak of the mosquitoes was in accordance with the incidence peak of JE. Conclusion To develop control strategies, evidence should be based on the characteristics of geographical variance, age, occupation differences, data related to monitoring on animal host and media mosquitoes of JE incidence in Henan province.