唯物史观视野下中华文明信仰结构探索

Probing on the Structure of Chinese Civilization Faith:In the Light of Materialistic Historical Connotation

中国古代自然经济与宗法制度的土壤,孕育了以"人的依赖关系"为社会基础、以"神的依赖关系"为精神基础的传统社会,并在"礼"的整合下形成了天、祖、圣及君、父、师这两大崇拜系列相关联的信仰结构。在这个信仰结构中神圣与世俗间并不存在应有的紧张性,而是把世俗权威神圣化、绝对化,最终造成宗教精神的变异与文化的"专化"。由于这种"难与进取,可与守成"的文化只具社会静力结构,缺乏社会动力机制,终于导致古代文明的停滞。

Marx＇s historical materialism and the theory of religion are keys to understand the origin of the Chinese civilization transition from the advanced to the backward. Natural economy and patriarchal institution of ancient China bred the traditional society which took relations of dependence upon the people and dependence upon the God as the social and mental basis. In the meanwhile, the faith structure relat- ed with two series of worship was shaped. One is heaven, ancestor and saint; the other is monarch, fa- ther and teacher; both of which are integrated with ＂Rites. ＂ But in this structure of faith, there is no tense which ought to be between the holy and the secular. Because this culture tends to be conservative, and it only had static social mechanism, there eventually emerged the stagnation of civilization and the historical circulation.