魏晋之际的党派分野和士族升降--以淮南三叛中的太原士族群为中心

On the Factional Divergence and Fluctuation of Scholar-official Families in Wei and Jin Dynasties

中古各阶段的士族并非全然相同,既有世代传承,也有升降浮沉。阶层流动的趋势随着政局的急剧变化而日益加剧,士族内部的升降途径呈现戏剧性。社会动荡、权力争衡乃至集团斗争中士族的政治动向,决定该家族在新建王朝中的社会声望和政治地位。亡魏成晋过程中曹马集团的对抗,士族群体出现三种政治分野:叛曹亲马的家族如太原孙氏、晋阳王氏;亲曹反马的家族如祁县王氏、太原令狐氏;在曹马之间徘徊观望的如太原郭氏。太原郭氏的政治态度由亲曹反马到骑墙观望再到叛曹亲马,具有典型性。魏晋时期太原士族的变迁实态,代表朝代更替之际阶层流动的普遍特征。

The scholar-official families of the Han Dynasty were partly different from that of the Jin Dynasty, which were changeable and successive. The fluctuation trends of the scholar-official families became variable, and the political attitude in the factional struggle determined the social prestige and politi- cal position in the late dynasty. The struggle between Cao and Si-Ma factions resulted in the political divergence of Tai-yuan families, which reflected the characteristics of the fluctuation in the Wei and Jin scholar-official families.