新疆小麦品种黄色素含量基因(Psy-A1)等位变异的分子检测

Allelic Variations of Psy-A1 Gene for Yellow Pigment Content in Xinjiang Wheat Cultivars

为了给新疆小麦品种面粉色泽改良提供理论依据,利用黄色素含量基因(Psy-A1)的功能标记YP7A检测了247份新疆小麦品种(包括农家品种、国内外引进品种和20世纪60年代以来的自育品种)Psy-A1等位基因Psy-A1a(高黄色素含量)和Psy-A1b(低黄色素含量)的分布情况,探讨了Psy-A1等位基因与面粉黄色素含量和黄度b*值的关系。结果表明,新疆小麦品种中Psy-A1a和Psy-A1b基因型的频率分别为91.9%和8.1%,以高黄色素含量的Psy-A1a基因型为主。新疆小麦农家品种、引进品种和自育品种Psy-A1a基因型的分布频率分别为100%、81.3%和95.3%,外来品种的引进和利用对降低新疆小麦品种黄色素含量起到了积极作用。新疆小麦品种面粉黄色素含量和黄度b*值普遍偏高,冬小麦品种面粉黄色素含量及黄度b*值高于春小麦品种。分析表明Psy-A1a和Psy-A1b两种基因型的面粉黄色素含量和黄度b*值平均值间的差异达到极显著水平。总之,新疆小麦品种面粉色泽改良应该以培育低黄色素含量的Psy-A1b基因型为重点,同时可以直接利用黄色素含量基因(Psy-A1)的功能标记YP7A来提高育种效率。

In order to accelerate the progress for the improvement of wheat flour color and provide useful information for wheat breeding in Xinjiang. In this study, 247 wheat cultivars, including landraces and bred cultivars from 1960s to present in Xinjiang, and introduced cultivars collected from overseas and other provinces in China, were used to investigate the distribution of allelic variations of Psy-Al gene on chromosomes 7A by functional markers YPTA. We also analyzed the association between allelic variations of Psy-A1 gene and yellow pigment content （YPC） or yellowness of flour color （b^＊ value）. The results indicated that the frequencies of cultivars with genotype Psy-Ala （with higher yellow pigment content） and Psy-Alb （with lower yellow pigment content） were 91.9%and 8. 1%, respectively. The genotype PsyAla was the major type in Xinjiang wheat cultivars. The frequencies of Psy-Ala genotype were different in landraces, bred cultivars in Xinjiang and introduced cultivars with 100%, 95.3% and 81.3% , respectively. It shows that the introduced cultivars play a positive role in Xinjiang wheat program for breeding lowYPC cultivar. Wheat cuhivars with high YPC and b^＊ value were dominant in Xinjiang, and YPC and b value of winter wheat cultivars were higher than those of spring wheat cultivars. Highly significant differences in YPC and b^＊ value were detected between the genotypes with Psy-Ala and those with Psy-Alb（P〈0. 01）. In summary, cultivars with genotype Psy-Alb （with lower yellow pigment content） should be mainly selected for the improvement of flour color in Xinjiang wheat. The functional marker YPTA of phytoene synthase gene （Psy-Al ） can be directly used for promoting the breeding efficiency.