礼与直、道与鲁:孔子未必赞成父子互隐

Li or Zhi,Dao or Lu:Confucius cannot agree with Fuzihuyin

在父子互隐案例中,一般认为孔子会赞成父子互隐;但如果从礼与直、道与鲁的角度则会得出孔子未必赞成父子互隐。孔子讲"吾党之直者"如此,直者是父子互隐,而孔子则不能简单认为是直者,孔子应是礼者;直者有优点,也有缺点,"直而无礼则绞"、"好直不好学其蔽也绞",孔子主张由直而进至礼。"吾党"是鲁国当时社会现实如此,但孔子还说过"齐一变,至于鲁,鲁一变,至于道",即虽然孔子认为鲁国多少比齐国好,但鲁国也不是完美的,鲁国也应进一步改进,进至完美(道)的境地。由此可以看出,孔子并不简单地维护现实,也努力批判现实。

In the case of Fuzihuyin, many people think Confucius agree with Fuzihuyin,which may be its contract from the point of Li and Dao. This paper debates from Li and Zhi, thinking that Confucius isnt Zhizhe, but Lizhe, and thinking that Confucius may approve we advancing from Zhi to Li. Although the country of Lu agree with Fuzihuyin, Confucius says ＂ QiyibianzhiyuLu, LuyibianzhiyuDao＂ （ Qi should advances to Lu, Lu advances to Dao）, which we can say that＇ Confucius isn＇t maintaining reality but criticizing reality.