再论联结项与假言命题类型之间的或然性关系——并复焦克先生对《“除非”类假言命题新论》一文的质疑

Re-discussion on ProbabiIity between Copula and Hypothetical Judgment——in Response to Jiao Ke's Questioning on Revisit of Hypothetical JudgmentSignaled by "Unless"

充分条件假言命题的联结项和必要条件假言命题的联结项也可以充当充分必要条件假言命题的联结项,联结项与假言命题类型之间的这种或然性关系决定,判断一个假言命题的类型往往不能单纯依据联结项而必须同时分析前后件两个假言支之间的逻辑联系。正是把假言命题中的联结项与假言命题类型之间的或然性关系当作必然性关系,导致我国逻辑学教科书长期以来把"除非"类假言命题的三种类型统统视为必要条件假言命题的谬误。

The copula of hypothetical judgment of the sufficient condition and necessary condition can also be used in hypothetical judgment of sufficient and necessary conditions. This probability determines that copula is not enough to identify the type of a hypothetical judgment. The relationship between the hypothetical sub-judgment with antecedent and consequent, should be analyzed too. Due to the confusion of the probable relationship between the copula and hypothetical judgment type as a necessary relationship, Chinese logical literature has always misidentified three type of hypothetical judgment signaled by “unless” as hypothetical judgment of the necessary condition.