3Sofer M, Watterson JD, Wollin TA, et al. Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy for upper urinary tract calculi in 598 patients[J]. J Urol, 2004, 167(1): 31-34.
1O' Keeffe NK,Mortimer AJ,Sambrook PA,et al. Severe sepsis following percutaneous or endoscopic procedures for urinary tract stones. Br J Urol, 1993,72:277-283.
2Zorcher T,Hochberger J,Schrott KM,et al.In vitro study concerning the effiency of the frequency-double-pulse Neodymium YAG laser(FRED-DY)for lithotripsy of calculi in the urinary tract.Laser Surg Med,1999,25(1):38~42.
5Hollenbeck. BK,Schuster TQ,Faerber GJ.Comparison of outcomes ofureteroscopy for ureteral calcali located above and below the pelvicbrim[J]. Urology ,2001,58(3);351-356.