摘要
80年代以来,随着对癫痫机理的深入研究,设计了一些新颖的抗癫痫药。其主要作用机理为调节钠通道,增强抑制性神经递质GABA的活性或阻滞兴奋性神经递质受体的活性。新抗癫痫药与目前常用的抗癫痫药相比,有许多优点:抗发作谱广,安全性高,不良反应少,线性药代动力学,不或很少与血浆蛋白结合,不诱导肝代谢酶,与其它抗癫痫药无或很少相互间作用。 新抗癫痫药对难治性癫痫有很好的疗效,甚至对目前治疗非常困难的癫痫如婴儿痉挛、Lennox-Gas-taut综合征(一种小儿癫痫性脑病)也有一定疗效。 本文简要介绍了有代表性的新抗癫痫药:加巴喷丁(gabapentin),噻加宾(tiagabine),托吡酯(topir-amate),氨己烯酸(vigabatrin),奥卡西平(oxcarbazepine)及拉莫三嗪(lamotrigine)。
Since 1980' s, following advanced study ofmechanism of epilepsy, new antiepileptic drugs hadbeen designed. The chief mechanism of these new drugsare: modulate sodium channel, promote the activity of theinhibitive neurotransmitter GABA, or block the activity ofthe exciting neurotransmitter - receptor They have manyadvantages over that now used: wider seizures' list, moresafety, less complications, linear pharmacokinetics, not orless interact with other antiepileptic drugs. New antiepileptic drugs have good effects on obstinateepilepsy, even on the epilepsy treated very diffcult nowa-days, such as infant spasm, Lennox - Gastaut syndrome,etc. This essay also briefly introduced representative newantiepileptic drugs: gabapentin, tiagabine, topiramate, vi-gabatrin, oxcarbazep - ine, and lamotrigine.
