蛇毒药治疗神经系统疾病

Drugs of Snake Venom Treating Nervous System Diseases

治疗血栓栓塞的蛇毒制剂是从蝮蛇毒的凝血酶样酶(thrombin like enzyme,TLE)中纯化提取得到。TLE选择性水解纤维蛋白原a链中的A肽链的精-甘键而不影响B链,TLE使血浆中的纤维蛋白原降解成FDP碎片,并刺激血管内皮释放血浆纤溶酶原激活物。结果,降低了纤维蛋白原血浆浓度和血液粘度,抑制了血栓的进一步形成,提高了血流速度,从而发挥抗凝作用。另一方面,蛇毒中还含有纤溶酶(fibrinolytic en-zyme,FLE)样物质、舒通成分缓激肽增强肽(bradykinin potentiating peptide,BPP)、抗聚集组分(anti-aggregating part,AAP)和神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF),它们对抗血栓都有良好作用。 本文除讨论蛇毒药的药理作用外,还讨论了8种在中国市场上使用过的蛇毒制剂,包括由日本在中国生产的东菱克栓酶(巴曲酶),特别是讨论了最近由国家卫生部批准的降纤酶在血栓疾病治疗中的地位和前景。

Snake venom preparation treating thrombo -embolitic diseases was purified from thrombin like enzyme(TLE) of Agkistrodon's venom. TLE Catalyzes the hydrol-ysis of an arginine - glycine bond of the α chain of fibrino-gen, thereby cleaves fibrinopeptide A but not the fib-rinopeptide B. TLE Hydrolyzes fibrinogen to fractions ofFDP and stimulates release of plasminogen activators fromendothelium. Through the above - mentioned mechanism,TLE lowers blood concentration of fibrinogen and bloodviscosity, increases velocity of blood flow inhibits furtherthrombosis. Venom also contains fibrinolytic enzyme (FLE), antiaggregating part (AAP), bradykinin potentiating peptide(BPP) and nerve growth factor (NGF). They are allbeneficial to anti - thrombosis. This paper not only discussed the pharmacology ofsnake venom preparation, but also discussed eight drugshad been used in China, including defibrinogenaseSVATE - 2, SVATE - 3, and batroxobin, which wasproduced in China by Japanese. In the end, we dis-cussed the position and future of the snake venom drugrecently approved by the Ministry of Public Health ofChina on treating thrombo - embolitic diseases.