论伊儿汗国封建土地所有制和封建地产的演变

On the Evolutions of the feudal landownership and estates in īl-■ānid State

伊儿汗国统治西亚时期,基本上承袭塞尔柱王朝的封建土地制度,土地国有制和私有制并存。伊儿汗国前期,土地仍以国有制为主。伊儿汗国后期,合赞汗实行军事封地制,西亚封建土地私有制迅速发展。伊儿汗国的封建地产形态主要表现为底万土地、媵哲、瓦克夫、穆尔克、伊克塔。随封建土地所有制的演变,伊儿汗国的封建地产处在不断变动之中,总特征也是公有和私有长期并存。伊儿汗国前期,封建地产以国有为主、私有为辅;伊儿汗国后期,封建地产中的私有成分上升为主导地位并逐渐向封建大地产发展。

Ilkhanate basically adopted the feudal landownership of the Saljuq period, State landownership coexisted with private landownership. State landownership under the first Li-Khans remained dominant and diverse categories of landownership developing side by side, with the mark of Ghazan＇s practising the military fief system, the private demesne of the lands under the last ll-Khans ascended gradually to the leading position, and further development of the iqta led to the large-scale lands of private ownership. The feudal estates under the ll-Khans made up such as aradi-yi divani, inju, aradi-yi vaqfi, mulk, iqta and the like.