就此在学说看海德格尔对传统人性论的超越

Viewing Heidegger's Transcendence over the Traditional Theory About Human Nature through the Dasein Theory

传统人性论都主张把人的本质理解为"类",理解为一种抽象的共同性。认为每个人都是一个普遍的抽象的"人"的特殊例子,每个人都以自己的现成的、静态的、固定的抽象本质为前提。海德格尔正是在对现代早期人本主义扬弃的基础上,进一步强调个人的存在对于其它一切存在的优先地位,宣布只有从个人存在出发,才能理解其它一切存在。他在《存在与时间》中对此在的论述,实际上否定了那种先天固定的抽象人性,完成了对传统人性论的超越。

The traditional theories of human nature all advocate that human＇ s essence belong to one ＂Class＂ having the abstract commonality. They take everybody as a special case of the universal abstract ＂human＂, and consider that everyone has its own ready -made, static, fixed abstract nature as a premise. Heidegger emphasizes that the individual existence has the priority to all the other existences, on the foundation of developing the good and discarding the bad to the early modem humanism, and he announces that only by embarking from the individual existence can we understand the existences of everything else. Through the discussion to Dasein in his ＂Being and Time＂, he denies the birth of a fixed human nature in the abstract, and completes the transcending of the traditional theory of human nature in fact.