梁漱溟文化三路向说解析

On the Theory of Three Cultures Developed by Liang Shuming

梁漱溟的文化三路向说旨在分析什么是文化以及中西印的文化走向。他认为文化是民族生活的样法,而生活是没尽的意欲,所以文化之不同是由于意欲走向的不同。他指出人类满足意欲的方式可分为意欲向前、意欲自为和意欲反身向后,此三种路向分属于中西印三种独立的文化体系。他还认为西方文化的根本观念是"向前要求",由此根本精神而产生民主与科学;中国文化则因其理性早熟而走上第二路,中国文化自身的成就在于形而上学的调和主义和儒家的直觉主义精神。梁漱溟先生从文化主体的内在心灵世界来理解文化视角独特,但仅仅从意欲出发有失偏颇,他对西方文化的解读忽视了民主科学的历史性及其产生的必然条件,另外其三路向直线式的演进也蕴含着矛盾。

Liang Shuming wanted to answer the question ： what is culture and the reason for the formation and direction of the Western and Oriental cultures. He thought that culture is a kind of national life and life is a limitless will; so the differences between cultures lie in the different wills. Facing different wills, Liang believed that human beings will go forward, harmonize or get rid of the wills, so we have three kinds of cultures： Western, Chinese and Indian cultures. What＇ s more, Liang held the idea, ＂going forward chasing＂ is the core spirit of Western culture ; so they have the science and democracy. At the same time, Chinese chose another direction and formed the unique philosophy and spirit for their reason pre - maturity. Strictly speaking, Liang＇ s idea on culture is meaningful but that he regarded the will as life is out of the way. Besides, Liang did not find the necessary situation of science and democracy and ignored the real history when he researched the Western culture. At last, we have to say that there is a contradiction in his view of culture.