沉默权性质再探

A Study of the Right to Silence

沉默权涉及问题复杂,其形成有特定的历史根源与制度根基,牵一发而动全身。对英美沉默权规则界定不清会导致认识的不足。当前理论界对沉默权的理解存在一些误区。沉默权是针对讯问采取拒绝回答的方式而享有对抗讯问的特殊权利。在沉默权语境中,沉默的自由与沉默的权利不分,沉默权的立法概念、性质、意义特殊,权利的正当性亦显特殊。其不科学之处在于缺乏立法与实践的来源依据,因之沉默权制度不应设立。

The freedom of speech is a right granted by the constitution. So the right to silence must be conferred by law and the authority. In the common law, the right to silence has its specific significance, which witnesses the procedures of the sanctions regime, criminal justice system, detection capability of supporting adaptation. In the United States, there are many criticisms on the right. In the civil law, the requirement is no forced self - incrimination. Obviously, the right to silence system and our entire criminal justice system are not consistent with each other.