保外就医法医学鉴定研究(附54例分析)

Medico-legal expertise about medical parole with 54 cases

目的为探索当前我国保外就医的特点，揭示保外就医中存在的问题，为制定有关政策法规提供参考依据，同时探讨保外就医的审查过程中法医学鉴定的必要性。方法两名研究人员从1992—1997年6年期间的司法鉴定资料中筛选出与保外就医有关的法医学鉴定案例，三名研究人员根据既定条件确定研究对象，并进行统计学分析。结果符合条件者共54例，主要年龄范围为20—50岁，罪名分类发现经济性犯罪明显多于非经济性犯罪，前者51例（94．4％），后者3例（5．55％）。提出保外就医申请的理由以单纯病名和主要症状者居多，少有提出辅助症状者，法医学鉴定表明检查结果与申请理由一致者为14例（25．92％），不一致者为40例（74．04％）；进一步鉴定揭示患有疾病确需保外就医者仅为3例（5．55％），而无需保外就医者高达51例（94．4％），其中无病者32例（59．25％），夸大病情者19例（35．18％）。结论本研究提示当前保外就医中犯罪装病、夸大病情等现象明显严重，这与保外就医所经历的中间环节缺乏有效的监督体制有关。因此，单纯以医疗系统进行保外就医鉴定是难以保证法律的公正执行。

Objective To explore the character and reveal the problems of medical parole at present, provide reference for making laws and poliocy, accumulate the medico-legal examination in medical parole. Methods 54 cases association with medical parole during 1992-1996 were retrospectively selected by two researchers, the main fratures in these cases were statistically analyzdy three researchers. Results Among 54 cases, in which subjectives age ranged largely from 20-50years,51 Cases and 3cases were economic-related (ER) or noneconomic (NE) crime (ER=94. 44%, NE= 5.55 %, P<0.0.).0The reasons applicating medical parole were often disease term and physical symptom, rare in auxiliary symptom. By medico-legal examination, 14 cases of application reasons were unanimity with results of medical examination. Further investigation discovered that only 3 cases were up to the standard of medical parole, other cases were false including 32 cases of non-disease (namely malingering), 19 cases of minor disease (namely exaggeration). Conclusion These results suggest that there are more problems in medical parole including malingering and exaggeration ect. and lacking of effective supervision system in medical parole is a important factor. Therefore, it is diffiicult to keep fair of law if medico-legal examination on medical parole depend simply on hospital.