赫尔德与周作人——民俗学与民族性

Herder and ZHOU Zuo-ren

周作人撰写的作品中使用了许多民俗学和民族文学的关键词语,如民歌、民俗学、童话等,这些外来的关键话语反映了周作人在日本留学期间通过学习森鸥外、柳田国男等人的著作而受德国近代民俗学、人类学的深刻影响。这种影响主要反映在周作人对民俗学、人类学的重视是因受到德国近代学者赫尔德的思想影响。赫尔德对民歌的研究实际上由周作人接受并在中国语境中发展出自己的学术兴趣。同时,周作人撰述中所使用的民族与国民性话语的历史上下文及其与德国近代思想史上赫尔德文化民主主义之间存在着密切联系。

This article examines many important terms on folklore and national literature in ZHOU Zuo-ren's writings.It attempts to investigate how these German terms entered ZHOU's writings during his stay in Japan.This article suggests that ZHOU Zuo-ren learned these terms and their relevant knowledge from his Japanese experience.More particular,ZHOU Zuo-ren has learned about Herder mainly based on his intellectual resources in Japan.He accepted Herder's idea on collecting folklores and transformed Herder's practice in this respect into China.This article continues to study why ZHOU Zuo-ren accepted Herder's ideas of folklore.It argues that ZHOU Zuo-ren was actually interested in Herder's cultural nationalism,since ZHOU has touched upon many important issues in Herder's cultural nationalism.