北京历史街区的市民水治

Water Conservation Controlled by Citizens in Beijing Historical Streets

当前在国家现代化或城市化进程中都涉及用水问题,北京城市用水研究具有一定的代表性。在北京古城中,历史街区是一个基本用水单元,从民俗学的视角对其进行调查研究,可以发现一些为以往学界所忽略的问题,如宗教公共管理用水、私井用水、政府公共水站和自来水入户等不同时期的用水民俗,以及由它们之间各种关系所构成的北京城市水管理中的政府水治和市民水治的矛盾与协调的不同模式等。北京市民有很强的首都市民意识,现正转向现代国际大都市的公民意识,开展这类研究,有利于促进北京优秀用水文化的建设和现代城市文明建设。

Sustainable usage of domestic water is a current issue raising on the process of the national modernization and urbanization,especially in Beijing Municipal city where is short of water.Research for the water conservation is more important apparently.This is a case study on the basic union of Beijing water conservation which has been controlled by the local citizen of some historical streets.From the perspective of the folklore research,the authors provide readers with new field materials and ideas to explore the traditional culture on these aspects especially their multi-models of saving water,the cooperative relationships to control water usage built by the different social groups,such mainly as the sustainable distribution of domestic water by the temple manager,private holders of street well,administrator of public water stands and the tap water supply system,etc.Although there were some unavailable conflicts occurred between the governance and the citizen management,they still have their collaborative actions somehow for the sustainable water supply.Beijing citizens have strong awareness as the host of the capital city of nation,which is now transiting to the knowledge of modern international metropolis citizen who much more care of protecting the natural and social water environment.To carry out this research can promote the construction of quality water culture and modern civilization in Beijing.