“领属”与“存现”：从概念的关联到构式的关联--也从“王冕死了父亲”的生成方式说起

How the Sentence Wángmiǎn sǐle fùqin is Generated?——From the Correlation of Concepts to That of Constructions

本文在先行研究的基础上,对"领属"与"存现"两个语义范畴的相似关系及领属句与典型的存现句的构式关联再作探讨,并提出,"领属"与"存现"是有着明显的相似性并且可纳入同一认知框架的语义范畴,以同一句法格式表示"领属"义和"存现"义,特别是以同一语言结构式表示原型存现义和原型领属义等极具共性特征的语言事实,并非语言中的偶合现象,而是有着充分的认知理据的必然现象。领属句同典型的存现句在句法和语义上的联系是显而易见的,因而即便把领属句看做一类独立的句式,也不能否认它同典型的存现句的承继关系。另外,把"王冕死了父亲"看做有悖动词的论元投射规则的句法序列,是仅基于"死"在词汇层面的语义结构对其句法功能做出的判定,并未考虑动词词义及功能会在构式中发生变化。如将动词和构式的"语义互动"关系、将"结构赋义""结构赋值"等因素考虑在内,就可能会对"王冕死了父亲"的生成方式做出更为简便的解释。

This paper aims to account for the generation of the Chinese sentence Wangmian silefuqin （王冕死了父亲） from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. We argued that both the possessive category and the existential category are obviously iconic which can be regarded as the semantic categories in the same cognitive framework. It is a common fact that the prototypic pos-sessive meaning and the prototypic existential meaning can be represented in the same construction. In contemporary Chinese the possessive sentence is related to the prototypic existential sen-tence not only in syntax but also in semantics. In the course of production of the sentence Wang mian sile fuqin, the verb and the construction depend upon each other.