“尚且p,何况q”反逼句式

The Retrospective Sentence Pattern ‘shàngqiě p,hékuàng q’

本文研究汉语"尚且p,何况q"反逼句式,包括句法标志、前项后项和语义关系,顺带谈及句式地位、语用价值和篇章语境。"尚且"是典型的预逼标,"何况"是基本的承逼标。反逼句式表达"以深证浅"的推断关系,这种推断关系是通过前分句的让步和后分句的反逼来实现的。所谓的"深""浅"不是p、q本身的属性,而是句法位置意义。反逼句式处于递进句和推断句的交汇点上,同"既然"句相比,"尚且"句表达的推断在说话口气上突出了论证的力度。"尚且"句的表义特点决定了它经常处于承上启下的篇章语境。

The paper is a study of the compound sentence pattern of sttangqte （尚且） p , hekuang （何况） q＇ in modem Chinese in terms of syntax marker, antecedent p and consequent q, the semantic relations, which is accompanied by an analysis of its status as a sentence pattern, pragmatic value and discourse context, s is a typical marker for con-cessive relationship and hekuang q the consequent q, is correspondingly a basic marker for progressive relationship. Such sentence pattern reflects the inference process of ＇proving something profound with a plain example＇ , which is realized through the concession in the former clause and the retrospective deduction in the latter. The ＇ profound＇ and ＇ plain＇ refer to the syntactic mean-ings of p and q due to their positions, but not their property. Such sentences usually appear at the intersecting point of progressive sentences and deductive sentences. Compared with the clause introduced by firan （ 既然）, the shangqie clause gives prominence to its nature of truth-proving, which, more often than not, makes it to play the role of a connector.