论武装冲突中文化财产保护的国际条约体系

The International Treaty System of Protection of Cultural Property during Armed Conflict

文化财产是人类的宝贵财富,但饱受武装冲突的摧残与破坏。国际社会早在1899和1907年海牙公约体系中就规定了保护武装冲突中文化财产的规则。迄今为止,1954年海牙公约及其两个议定书,1899和1907年海牙公约中的相关规定,以及1949年日内瓦公约及其1977年附加议定书中保护文化财产的专门条款,构成了武装冲突中文化财产保护的国际条约体系。近些年的实例表明,虽然文化财产在武装冲突中仍然遭到破坏,但是,在武装冲突中更为尊重和保护文化财产是其主要发展趋势。

Cultural property which has suffered grave damage during armed conflicts is of great importance to mankind. The relevant rules protecting cultural property in armed conflict have been established in the Conventions of The Hague of 1899 and of 1907. Until now, the Hague convention of 1954 and its two protocols, the relevant rules in the Conventions of The Hague of 1899 and of 1907, and Geneva Convention of 1949 and the special articles in additional protocols of 1977have constituted the international treaty system for protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict. The instances in recent years indicate that cultural property has still suffered damages from armed conflict. However, the leading trend is to respect and protect cultural property in armed conflict.