海寿植物在不同季节连续曝气黑臭河水中的生理响应及净水效果的比较研究

Comparative Investigation on Physiological Responses of Pontederia cordataand Purifying Efficiencies of Heavily Polluted River Water Under Continuous Aeration in Various Seasons

采取现场试验方法,在不同季节测定了6个各种有10棵海寿植物的水培净化槽(曝气、非曝气各设3个平行)中植物叶片的叶绿素(Chl)、可溶性蛋白(SP)含量与植物根组织过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及对应的净化槽出水水质,测定了植物根、茎、叶的长度,植物分蘖数、根密度,植株氮磷积累、生物量等生物学指标,比较研究了不同季节连续曝气下海寿的生理响应及净水效果。结果表明,曝气影响植物的生理特性,植物根、茎、叶的长度分别较非曝气槽中植物短,叶片Chla、Chlb、SP含量分别较非曝气槽中植物叶片低,而根组织POD、CAT活性分别较非曝气槽中植物根组织高,曝气槽中植株的氮磷含量、生物量分别较非曝气槽中植株低,曝气槽中植物的分蘖数、根密度分别高于非曝气槽中植物;曝气槽出水中TN、NH4+-N去除效率较非曝气槽出水高,而TP、溶P去除效率较非曝气槽出水低;曝气对植物生理特性的影响与植物的生长状况密切相关,春、夏季曝气对植物的影响较小,但两类净化槽的水质差异较明显,秋季曝气对植物的影响较大,两类净化槽的水质差异较小。

With field test, Pontederia cordata was hydroponic cultivated in 6 purifying-tanks （aeration and no aeration ） with Same planting density of 10, to investigate physiological characteristics （POD and CAT of roots tissues, Chl and SP of leaves） of the plant and main physical and chemical characteristics of the corresponding effluents in various seasons（spring, summer and autumn）. Lengths of roots, stems and leaves, tillers and roots densities, nitrogen （N） and phosphorus（P） accumulations and the biomass et al. of the plant＇s biological indexes were analyzed. Comparative investigation on physiological responses of P. cordata and purifying efficiencies of heavily polluted river water under continuous aeration in various seasons was conducted. Results showed aeration affected physiological characteristics of the plant. Roots, stems and leaves lengths of the plant at the aeration were shorter than the lengths at the no aeration, respectively. Chla, Chlb and SP contents of the leaves at the aeration were lower than the contents at the no aeration, respectively. However, POD and CAT activities of roots tissues at the aeration exceeded the activities under the no aeration. N and P accumulations and the biomass of the plant were lower at the aeration than the plant at the no aeration. Tillers and roots densities in aeration purifying-tanks were more than the no aeration purifying- tanks. TN and NH4^＋-N removals of the effluents at the aeration exceeded the removals at the no aeration, while TP and soluble P removals were lower than the removals at the no aeration. Effects of aeration on physiological characteristics of the plant were obviously correlated with the growing of the plant. The effects became less in spring and summer, while the water qualities differences between two type purifying-tanks were great. However, the effects were obvious in autumn, while the water qualities variations between two type purifying-tanks became less.