赋韵考论

Examination of Fu

赋是有韵之文。赋有不同体式:诗体赋、骚体赋、散体赋、骈赋、律赋。其用韵方式有同有异,律赋严格限韵,其他不限韵。赋韵源于诗歌,早期赋都用《诗经》《楚辞》的韵系和韵式。汉代散体大赋和宋代文赋用韵最宽松自由,韵位疏密和韵部转换皆无定式,行文中有很多无韵的散句,加之古今音韵变化,有些韵脚今人已经不觉得是押韵,因此,除了专门研究古代音韵的学者,普通读者会觉得散体赋韵若有若无。骈赋和律赋用韵整饬,通常偶句押韵,不断换韵,可称为骈排转换韵式。这种韵式对赋的文体结构、内容之铺陈罗列、诵读的感觉都有重要意义。每个时代的赋韵,使用的是当时的音韵系统,在汉赋中,甚至有少数赋韵还带有作家的方言因素。

Fu is a kind of rhyme prose and has such different styles as poetic style, Sao style, prose style, parallel style and regulated-verse style. Fu is a literary genre evolved from poems, so rhyming schemes used in the Book of Songs and the Songs of the South are adopted by early works. The most loose rhyming patterns can be found in works of the Han and Song dynasties while strict patterns are abided by in parallel and regulated-verse styles. The rhyming follows the pronunciation at specific historical period and sometimes even that of dialects is used. That＇s the reason why people at a later time regard some works as rhymeless.