多元文化视野下的唐代佛道关系——以唐代长安为中心

A Multicultural Investigation of the Correlation between Buddhism and Taosim in the Tang Dynasty as Seen in Chang'an

多元文化背景下的唐代社会,是佛教、道教兴盛发展的重要时期。作为政治、文化中心的长安,亦是全国佛教、道教活动的中心。唐代长安佛教寺庙、道教宫观大量设置,各名山的高僧、高道汇聚长安,积极介入社会政治文化活动。在唐代三教鼎立的社会氛围下,长安僧人、道士皆注重传法弘道,努力扩大佛道二教在社会生活的影响。从唐代长安僧人、道士的三教论衡,僧人道士为弘道宣教的俗讲,唐诗中所见名僧高道的酬答唱和等活动,可以真实地反映出佛教、道教和谐相处的历史实况。

The Tang Dynasty, with its multicultural backgrounds, is the period during which both Buddhism and Taoism flourished, while Chang＇an, the political and cultural center of the empire, is also the hub of Buddhism and Taoism. A great many Buddhist and Taoist temples were built in Chang＇an, which drew large numbers of Buddhist monks and Taoist priests, who were actively involved in political and cultural praxis, to Chang＇an. With a social milieu of tripartite balance of three religions, both Buddhist monks and Taoist priests spared no efforts to preach their respective doctrines and extend their influence in social life. A harmonious coexistence of Buddhism and Taoism can be perceived in the balance inquiries of the three religions, the sermons preached to laymen as well as the exchange of poems by eminent Buddhist monks and Taoist priests.