“三张伪法”的思想史意义

The Significance of"the Pseudo Theories of Three Zhangs"on the History of Thoughts

在世界五大宗教当中,我国惟一原生态的宗教——道教在其发展过程中,其宗教形态在六朝时期经历了一个关键的转折。为了求得教团的生存发展,北方的寇谦之和南方的陆修静皆有"清整道教"的主张。对于上述改革的现有讨论,一般都会注意到有关"租米钱税"一类的问题,却忽略了"三张伪法"中另一个关键的核心因素:广施符水以治病。这一因素不但贯穿早期道教,也一直以其他种种非官方体制化的形态延续到今天。符水治病作为特别的医疗手段活跃在早期道教内部,并对其具有特殊的不可替代的意义。本文的研究,就是希望从这个角度来弥补一下现有研究中的遗憾,简要梳理早期道教活动中治疗技术的形态变化,探索其可能的意义,并希望进而借此讨论有关的思想史写法。

Among the most important five religions of the world, Taoism is the only one which is originated and developed totally inside China and its configuration had a pivotal turning point during the Six Dynasties. Both KOU Qian-zhi in the north and LU Xiu-jing in the south took measures to ＂innovate Taoism＂ for the survival and development of the organization. Recent discussions about this innovation generally have laid emphasis on the issue of ＂tax and rental＂, while another pivotal factor in The pseudo theories of three Zhang＂ is omitted, which is to heal the patients by Fushui （magic water）, a practice not only prevailing in early Taoism but also persisting in various unofficial forms up till today. Healing the patients by Fushui as a special medical technique acquired a non-substitutable position in early Taoist practice. The author hopes an investigation from this perspective can work as a complementarity to the existing discussions, by providing a brief inspection of morphological development of healing techniques in early Taoist practice and exploring its implications, so that a discussion of method of writing history of thoughts can be conducted in the process.