晚年卢卡奇对社会存在本体论的新探索

Lukács's New Exploration of Social Existence on Ontology in his Late Time

晚年卢卡奇一反早年批判自然辩证法的观念,认为有三种类型的存在,即无机自然、有机自然与社会,前两者构成了社会存在的前提,以目的性设定为特征的劳动不仅是将这三类存在联系起来的中介,也是社会存在的本体。在《历史与阶级意识》中,卢卡奇将对象化等同于物化,物化就是人的异化存在状态,晚年卢卡奇强调对象化与异化的区分,认为异化的扬弃既有赖于对异化了的意识形态的批判,又有赖于实践的否定。虽然这是一部未竟之作,但相比于《历史与阶级意识》,此时的卢卡奇更为接近马克思。

Different from young time, Lukacs in his late time affirmed the significance of natural dialectics. He proved three kinds of existence ： inorganic nature, organic nature and society, the former two constituted of the basic of social existence, labor is not only the media of the three existence, and also the ontology of social existence. In History and Class Consciousness, Lukacs thought that objectification is reification; it is the station of alienation of human. In Social Existence on Ontology, Lukrcs distinguished objectification and alienation, he pointed out that sublation of alienation depending on the critique of alienated ideology and practical negation. Comparing with History and Class Consciousness, Social Existence on Ontology is more nearly to Marx.