摘要
目的:探讨孤独症儿童母亲的亲职压力及影响因素。方法:采用亲职压力指标简表(包括亲职愁苦、亲子互动失调及困难儿童3个子量表)、社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式问卷和孤独症治疗评估量表对105名孤独症儿童母亲进行调查,同时对100名正常儿童母亲施测亲职压力指标简表。结果:孤独症儿童母亲的亲职压力总分及各维度得分均高于正常儿童母亲[如,总分(108.59±16.09)vs.(84.91±17.41),P<0.001];单因素分析显示:家庭人均月收入<2000元组母亲的亲职压力总分高于人均收入2000元以上组母亲[如,总分(118.30±12.12)vs.(107.86±13.86),(103.45±16.98),(100.95±14.60);P<0.001];训练时间1年以上的孤独症儿童母亲在困难儿童维度上得分低于训练时间1年以内的母亲[(32.13±6.96)vs.(39.23±6.16),(41.33±6.92);P<0.001];孤独症儿童母亲的亲职压力总分与社会支持呈负相关(r=-0.39,P<0.01),与儿童疾病严重程度呈正相关(r=0.45,P<0.01);多元回归分析结果显示:儿童疾病严重程度、社会支持和家庭人均月收入进入了亲职压力的回归方程,解释了总变异的42.9%。结论:孤独症儿童母亲普遍存在较高水平的亲职压力,其亲职压力受多种因素影响。
Objectives: To explore the parenting stress and its related factors in mothers of children with autism. Methods: A total of 105 mothers of children with autism were investigated with the Parenting Stress Index- Short Form (including three domains of parental distress, difficult child and parent-child dysfunctional interaction), Social Support Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) . Their parenting stress scores were compared with that of 100 mothers with healthy children. Results: Mothers of children with autism experienced a significantly higher level in the total score of parenting stress and all the domains as compared with mothers of healthy children [e. g. , the total score: ( 108. 59 ± 16. 09) vs. (84. 91 ± 17.41 ), P 〈 0. 01 ] . Single factor analysis showed that mothers of autistic children in low-income family ( less than ¥ 2000 per month) reported higher level parenting stress than those with higher family income ( above ¥ 2000 permonth) [e.g., thetotal score: (118.30±12.12) vs. (107.86±13.86), (103.45±16.98), and ( 100. 95 ±14. 60 ), P 〈 0. 01 ] . Mothers of children with training time more than 1 year scored lower than mothers of children with training time less than 1 year in the domains of difficult child [ ( 32. 13 ± 6. 96 ) vs. ( 39. 23 ± 6. 16) and (41.33 ± 6. 92 ), P 〈 0. 01 ] . Parenting stress was negatively correlated with social support (r = - 0. 39, P 〈 0. 01 ), while positively correlated with the disease condition of children with autism ( r = 0.45, P 〈 0. 01 ) . Regression analysis showed that the related factors of parenting stress were the disease condition of children with autism, social support and family income, accounting for 42. 9% of the total variation. Conclusions: Mothers of children with autism generally experience a significantly higher level parenting stress than mothers of healthy children. Many factors are related to the parenting stress of mothers with autistic children.
出处
《中国心理卫生杂志》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第9期629-633,共5页
Chinese Mental Health Journal