粳型杂种稻米籽粒外观品质性状分离的初步研究

Separation of Japonica Hybrid Rice Grains on Appearance Qualities

为改良粳型杂交稻米的外观品质,以辽宁省近年审定的杂交粳稻组合T优418及其亲本和对照品种辽粳9为材料,对杂种稻米籽粒间外观品质性状的分离程度及遗传控制进行研究。研究结果表明,杂种稻米籽粒在外观品质性状上普遍发生分离,其中垩白面积的分离最严重,变异系数达224.25%,变幅也都表现为超越双亲,其次为粒重、长宽比、粒长和粒宽,变异系数分别为12.16%,7.79%,5.18%,5.03%。虽然杂交种在垩白性状上分离最严重,但双亲却均表现为垩白较少,说明垩白性状是由多基因控制,受父母本遗传背景影响的。因此在杂交稻米品质改良过程中,考虑双亲的品质差异不能仅从表型出发,更要注重对亲本基因型的选择。

The separation of the japonica hybrid rice appearance quality were studied for its improvement with the parent lines,Tyou418,which is released in recent year in Liaoning Province,and the control inbred variety liaojing9 as the materials.The result showed that the appearance qualities of F2 generation totally separated,of which the chalkiness separated the most（CV=224.25%）,with the range went beyond their parents,the CV of the grain weight,length/width,length and the width are 12.16%,7.79%,5.18%,5.03%,respectively.Although its parents had few chalky grains,the chalkiness of the hybrid separated strongly,indicating that the chalkiness is controlled by polygene.It is concluded that not only the appearance but also the genotypes of the parents must be considered in the improvement of the hybrid rice appearance qualities.