洞庭湖湿地污染物的来源分析

Analysis of the Pollutant Source in the Dongting Lake

根据洞庭湖水文观测站、环境监测站的资料和实验数据,分析了洞庭湖湿地的TN,TP,COD,六价铬等重金属、硫化物、氰化物、氟化物和石油类等污染物的来源和数量。结果表明:每年输入湿地TN670132.47t,TP41103.85t,COD输入317849.26t,重金属元素、有污染的无机和有机化合物输入量10156.616t。在输入洞庭湖湿地的污染物中,有54.76%N,44.30%P,81.83%COD和95.59%重金属元素和化合物来自四水(湘、资、沅、澧4条江河)和三口(长江分洪流入的松滋、藕池和太平3口),有94%～99%的污染物是由面源污染引起的,点源污染只占1%～6%。因此,在洞庭湖湿地水污染的治理上,控制系统外水系输入比控制湿地周边更重要,控制面源污染比点源污染更重要。

This article analyzed the pollutant source and amount of TN,TP,COD,Heavy Metals（Hexavalent Chromium ect.）,Sulfide,Cyanide,Fluoride,petroleum pollutants and volatile phenol in everglade of Dongting Lake,based on investigate data from hydrological observation station of Dongting Lake,environmental monitor station and spots examine.Results show that：annually input of TN to everglade of Dongting Lake was 670132.47 t,TP was 41103.85 t;COD input was 317849.26 t.The total of heavy metal elements,inorganic and organic contaminations input was 10156.616 t,The 54.76% of N,44.30% of P,81.83% of COD and 95.59% of heavy metal elements,which inputed into everglade of Dongting Lake contaminations,was come from Xiang river,Zi river,Yuang river,Li river and three Changjiang river flood input mouth.94%～99% of contaminations was area polluting resources,point polluting resources only 1%～6%.So it is more important to control input from out system than control input from circumjacent area in everglad,viewed from strategically control contaminations in everglade of Dongting Lake.To control area pollution will be more important than to control point pollution.