法国大革命前夕争取报刊自由的运动

The campaign for freedom of the press on the eve of the French Revolution

路易十五时代的法国启蒙思想家们掀起了持续不断的争取报刊自由的运动。英国诗人弥尔顿发表于1644年主张报刊自由的辩护词,以及1776年弗吉尼亚宣告报刊自由的行动,都激励了法国报刊自由的拥护者。1788年7月5日的法兰西王国行政法院决议给予了报刊一种事实上的自由。此后至1789年7月,法国社会各阶层拥护报刊自由的人士,在该决议的框架内主要通过小册子和陈情书来表达他们的诉求。大多数法国资产阶级人士强烈拥护报刊自由,他们希望完全废除审查制度。1789年,争取报刊自由的潮流极其猛烈,摇摇欲坠的旧制度已无力抵挡。

The philosophers in the times of Louis XV had launched the incessant campaign for freedom of the press. Areopagitica, Milton＇ s impassioned defense of freedom of the press, and the Declaration of Rights in Virginie had encouraged the supporters of freedom of the press in France. July 5, 1788, the ruling of Council of State had accorded press de facto freedom. July 1788 to July 1789, the supporters of freedom of the press in different classes of French society had expressed their requests mainly by pamphlets and les eahiers de dol 6 ances. The majority of bourgeois are very favorable to freedom of the press, they desired to abolish absolutely the censor.1789, the current for freedom of the press was very violent, the unstable monarchic institution could not resist it any longer.