《史记·项羽本纪》襄城地望纠误与考实

The rectification and investigation on the site of"Xiangcheng(襄城)"in Xiang Yu Basic Annals, Records of the Grand Historian

襄城是秦末农民起义中项羽攻打并制造第一次坑杀事件的城市。襄城在哪里,唐人司马贞《索隐》引韦昭注、张守节《正义》均注为颍川郡襄城或许州襄城(今河南襄城)以来,至今沿袭无异义。通过军事史实、交通、地理环境及地名诸方面研究可以肯定,今河南襄城并非项羽所攻之襄城,《索隐》、《正义》所注谬误,清代迄今学者未得深究。项羽攻打之襄城应是秦朝泗水郡治相县,位于今安徽淮北市。襄、相音同义近,可以互训通用,河南襄城改称过相城,安徽相县也曾有过相城、襄城的地名。

Xiangcheng is the city at which Xiang Yu once assaulted and made the first large scaled killing against the peasant revolts in the late Qin Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Sima Zhen wrote ShiJiSuoYin in which he quoted the annotation from Wei Zhao, and Zhang Shou-jie wrote ShiJiZhengYi and had an annotation about Xiangcheng. In both books, the authors would consider that Xiangcheng city is the Xiangcheng city in Yingchuan Prefecture or in Xuzhou Prefecture in Henan province. Up till now, people would follow their beliefs without raising any question. However, recent researches on various aspects of the city such as military history, transportation, geographical surroundings and name of places indicate that Xiangcheng in Henan today is by no means the one assaulted by Xiang Yu in the Qin Dynasty. The misconceptions about the site of Xiangcheng city in SuoYin and ZhengYi has not been rectified since the Qin Dynasty. In fact, the city assaulted by Xiang Yu should be Xiangxian, the capital of Sishui Prefecture in the Qin Dynasty, which belongs to Huaibei city, Anhui province now. ＂襄and ＂相＂ sharing the same pronunciation and similar meaning, are mutual synonyms. Xiangcheng（襄城）in Henan was once called Xiangcheng（相城） and Xiangxian in Anhui had also used the two names.