寻找构建生态文明的理论依据——评J.B.福斯特对马克思的生态理论的内涵及当代价值的揭示

Where to Find the Theoretical Principle for Building Ecological Civilization:On J.B.Foster's Research on the Connotation and its Contemporary Values of Marxian Ecological Theory

在马克思主义理论体系中明明包含着深刻的生态观点,但人们往往视而不见。要真正地挖掘和展示马克思主义理论体系中所隐含的生态观点,必须同时具备两个条件:正确地把握产生生态危机的根源和正确地理解马克思主义。要把隐含在马克思主义理论体系中的生态观点挖掘出来,关键在于重新恢复马克思主义哲学的唯物主义本性。马克思主义对解决生态问题的巨大潜力就在于其所依赖的社会理论属于唯物主义。马克思的生态观点直接建立在他的唯物主义自然观和历史观的基础之上。马克思的生态观点的核心是强调不能离开资本主义的生产方式来观察生态问题。只要资本主义的利润至上原则仍在起着支配作用,解决生态问题就是一种空想。解决生态问题的最终出路是变资本主义生产方式和生活方式为社会主义的生产方式和生活方式。

People must have correct theoretical principle to get rid of ecological crisis and build ecological civilization nowadays. The theory as basis is nothing but Marxism. However, people always neglect the profound ecological views inherent in Marxist theoretical system. There are two prerequisites to understand Marxist ecological views： To master the causes resulted in ecological crisis and understand Marxism correctly. Only if the materialist nature is reinstated can we find the ecological views implicated in Marxist system. Marxism has great potential to deal with ecological problems just because of materialism which is the basis of Marxist social theories. Marxian ecological views are based on his materialist views of nature and history. The key of Marxian ecological views is to show that we are unable to understand ecological problems without understanding Capitalist modes of production. As long as Capitalist basic principle--profit is supreme-- still dominates, we cannot resolve ecological problems. The final way to deal with ecological problems is to develop Socialist productive modes and life styles instead of Capitalist ones.