药用野生稻有利基因发掘与利用研究进展

Advancement on Mining and Utilization of Elite Genes in Oryza officinalis Wall

药用野生稻具有丰富的遗传多样性并含有大量的优异基因,发掘与利用这些基因对改良栽培稻和培育新种质具有重大意义。因此,通过综述了国内外药用野生稻有利基因发掘及其利用的研究进展,结果表明,药用野生稻在抗病性、抗虫性以及稻米品质方面具有优良性状,目前对这些优异基因的利用的途径主要包括单片段附加系的培育、渗入系的建立及单个基因材料的获得,但在利用过程中仍存在遗传学背景不清楚、常规育种效率不高两方面障碍。针对这些问题,许多研究者提出通过建立药用野生稻全基因组基因嵌入突变体库,利用可转化大片段基因组文库和转基因技术,将大片段克隆导入栽培稻中,通过这些技术方法可将药用野生稻的优良基因转入栽培稻,并已获得了一些极有价值的基因与种植材料。

Oryza officinalis Wall accumulated abundant genetic diversity and contained a large number of important beneficial genes. So mining and utilization of elite genes in Oryza officinalis Wall had great significance in improvement of cultivated rice and development of new germplasm. In this paper the author summarized the research and utilization of elite genes in Oryza officinalis Wall. Oryza officinalis Wall showed excellent characters in disease resistance, insect resistance and grain quality traits. The way of utilization of the elite genes mainly included construction of single segment additional line and introgression lines, obtain of single genetic material. The indistinct molecular genetics background of Oryza officinalis Wall and the low efficiency of conventional breeding were two obstacles on the utilization of Oryza officinalis Wall. Researchers proposed to use transgenic technology to transfer large fragment to cultivated rice to build gene insertion mutant libraries and transformation-competent large fragment libraries of wild rice to resolve these problems. By using those techniques, the excellent genes could be introduced into cultivated rice, and got a number of valuable genes and planting materials.