公共教育、社会保障与收入分布

Public Education,Social Security and Income Distribution

本文使用一个世代交叠模型揭示了公共教育与社会保障调节收入分布的作用机制。研究发现,公共教育能够有效地缩小家庭教育投资差距,从而降低收入差异;社会保障则通过减少低收入家庭的劳动供给、增加其有效家庭教育时间来降低收入差异。本文的数值模拟结果显示,在同样的支出水平下公共教育调节收入差异的能力比社会保障更强。并且当存在财政预算约束时,从降低收入差异的角度来看,若财政预算规模较低则应当将资金优先用于公共教育;若财政预算规模较高则应当在公共教育与社会保障之间保持平衡。

This paper presents an over- lapping generation model to investigate public education and social security＇ s impact on income distribution. We find that public education can reduce income inequality by decreasing family educational investment gap while social security can improve income equality by increasing poor family＇ s effective education time. The simulation results show that public education is more powerful than social security in adjusting income distribution. When the government＇ s redistributive budget is small allocating more resources to pubhc education would realize a more equal income distribution. But when the budget is relatively large enough it＇ s necessary to keep a balance between public education and social security expenditure.