欧阳修风俗思想研究

An Analysis of Ou Yangxiu's Idea of Customs

欧阳修以特立独行的批判方式形成自己疑古辨伪的理论风格,对于整个宋代社会之前的风俗思想进行了必要的理论清洗。其中,他将经学与风俗思想的理论基础,主要是对《易》、《周礼》等典籍进行的批判、质疑、驳斥,显示出其战斗精神。他所要强调的,无论是有意或是无意,都在事实上以"民"与"俗"为重要依据,显示出其风俗思想的民本内容。但他并不是一个简单的民本思想的表达者,他的风俗思想与他的文化思想,在根本上或在总体上都是以国家、社稷为出发点的。欧阳修特别重视礼教对社会风俗良性发展的重要作用,一再强调对"三代"传统的维护,藉以抵抗佛老"鄙俚"、"怪妄"之俗,他所要坚持、维护、修复的正是冠之以"尧、舜、三代"之名的"正统"。他的风俗思想是北宋前期政治家、文学家阶层风俗思想的代表。

With the unique way of criticism, Ou Yangxiu develops his own theoretical style which is skeptical of classics and critical of falsehood. He reorganizes the ideas so social customs preceding Song Dynasty based on the study of Confucian classics which mainly include the classics of Yi and Zhou Li, as well as the ideas of customs, his critique, skeptism, and refutation demonstrates his rebellious spirit. Intentionally or unconsciously, what he stresses is essentially grounded on ＂ people＂ and ＂customs＂, conveying his people-oriented idea of customs. Yet he is not simply a spokesman of the people-oriented thought, his idea of customs and culture fundamentally and generally takes the ＂ nation＂ or the ＂ state＂ as its central consideration. Ou Yangxiu gives priority to the impact of Confucian ethics on the sound development of social customs. By putting emphasis on the reservation of the tradition of ＂ three earliest dynasties＂, he resists the ＂ vulgar＂ and ＂ absurd＂ convention of Buddhism and Taoism, what he aims to maintain, defend, and revise is ＂the Orthodox＂ which is crowned with ＂ Yao, Shun, and Three Earliest Dynasties＂. His idea of customs is representative of the elaboration on customs made by the political and literary circles of the early Northern Song Dynasties.