科学活动中利益冲突的形式、诱因、控制和防范

The Form,Inducement,Control and Defense of the Conflict of Interest in Scientific Activities

科学活动中的利益冲突是个人损害他人或集体、国家利益而使自己获利的冲突,它阻碍了科学活动的健康发展。经济利益驱动、科学精神缺失和评议机制不合理是利益冲突的主要诱因。要控制和防范利益冲突的发生,需要实现五个方面的"结合":(1)学人自律与规范他律相结合;(2)政府干预与公众监督相结合;(3)学术批判与学派惩戒相结合;(4)专家评议与利益回避相结合;(5)规范公开与评议保密相结合。

The conflict of interest in scientific activities makes the individual damage the interests of others, collectivity and nation, and makes him get the interest, and then it hinders the scientific activities from the healthy development. It is the main inducement of causing the conflict of interest for the driving of the economic interest, the lack of the scientific spirit and the inconsequence of the appraisal mechanism, so we need to realize the union of five aspects if we attempt to control and defend the occurrence of the conflict of interest： combination of scholar sel-discipline and criterion heteronomy; combination of government＇s intervention and the academic group discipline; combination of academic criticism and condemnation of schools; combination of specialist deliberation and benefit avoidance; combination of criterion publicity and deliberation confidentiality.