植物脂肪酸不饱和性对植物抗寒性影响的研究

Study on the influence of plant fatty acid desaturation on cold tolerance

对植物脂肪酸不饱和性与植物抗寒性关系、催化不饱和脂肪酸形成的酶特性和转化膜质脱饱和酶和酰基转移酶基因提高植物抗寒性的研究进展进行了分析论述。膜是植物低温伤害的首要发生地,细胞膜的稳定性主要决定于膜质脂肪酸不饱和性,不饱和度越高,膜稳定性越强,抗寒性越强。膜质脂肪酸不饱和度主要由膜质脱饱和酶活性和酰基转移酶的特异性不同所致,目前克隆和研究了10多个与植物细胞膜质不饱和性相关的基因,通过高效表达这些基因可以明显提高冷敏感植物的抗寒性。因此转化膜脂不饱和脂肪酸合成酶基因是提高植物抗寒性的重要途径之一。通过分析近年来的研究进展认为,今后植物脂肪酸不饱和性的研究应向农业生产应用转化,同时要加强脂肪酸脱饱和酶表达调控的研究。

The paper discussed relationship between plant fatty acid desaturation and plant cold resistance, and the enzyme character promoting the formation of unsaturated fatty acid, the advance of the genetic transformation of membrane desaturase and acyhransferase gene to improve plant cold resistance. The chilling damage on plant firstly occurred in cell membrane. The membrane stabilization was up to its fatty acid membrane-lipid desaturation. More desaturation, more stabilization, and more resistant to cold. The differences in activity of lipid desaturaseand specificity ofacyhransferase were the main factors on membrane-lipid desaturation degree. Rencently, researchers have cloned more than ten genes relative with plant cell membrane desaturation, efficient transformation expression of these genes could significantly improve chilling-sensitive plants cold resistance. So transformation of promoting un-saturate lipid acid synthesis enzyme genes was one of main ways for improvement of plant chilling tolerance. Through analysis of research progress, we considered thal research of plant fatty acid desaturation should extend to application of agriculture production, and reinforce the research on expression regulation of lipid desaturase in future.