生物技术对草原蝗虫的控制效果及应用前景

Control effect and application prospect of biological technology on prairie locust

介绍了蝗虫微孢子虫Nosemalocustae、绿僵菌Metarhiziumanisopliae、印楝素(azadirachtin AZ)等几种新型生物防治技术在控制草原蝗虫中的应用及发展前景。蝗虫微孢子虫,是一种专寄生于蝗虫等直翅目昆虫体内的单细胞真核原生动物,防后45 d测定,感染率为50.6%,虫口减退率为73.4%。绿僵菌是一类昆虫病原真菌,防后7 d的防治效果为66.5%,防后12 d的防治效果为76.7%。印楝素,是从印楝Aza-dirachtaindica种子中提取的高效杀虫活性物质,0.3%印楝素乳油在施药2 d后,防治效果达95%以上。应用蝗虫微孢子虫、绿僵菌、印楝素等生物防治技术防治草原蝗虫不仅防治效果较好,而且对人畜、植物安全,不污染环境;有持久控制害虫种群数量的作用,并可通过传播和繁殖,扩大受益面积,从而达到经济、安全、有效地控制害虫,减少虫害损失,保护生态环境的目的。

Application prospects of locust control by new biological technology such as Nosema locustae, Metarhizium anisopliae, Azadirachtin were introduced in this paper. N. locustae is a kind of single cell eukaryotic protozoan which parasitizes on locust or other orthoptera insects. After 45days of the application, the infection rate was 50.6%, decreasing rate of locust was 73.4%. M. anisopliae is a kind of pathogenic fungi, its control effect on locust was 66.5% after 7days of application; and reached 76.7% after 12days. Azadirachtin is a bioactive substance extracted from A. indica seeds,2days after applied 0.3% Azadirachtin, the effectiveness on locust was 95%. Application of biological technology such as N. locustae, M. anisopliae, Azadirachtin on locust control not only achieve high control effect, but also safe for human beings and livestock, no pollution to environment, therefore, protect ecological environment and reduce loss from pest.