教育的直接意义是人——教育的实践意蕴

On the Practical Connotation of Education

时代又回到了实践年代,实践的涵义从亚里士多德到现在,经历了曲折的变化。在亚里士多德那里,实践的核心是善的活动,是人对人的活动,人对自己的活动,实践是一个伦理学概念。亚里士多德以后的岁月,实践又发展了新的涵义:人对社会的活动,人对自然的活动。没有伦理学教育是不可能的,因为教育实践必须是善的活动,教育的对象是人。教育对人的改造是直接的,教育对社会的改造、教育对自然的改造都是间接的。在社会发生分化的这个年代,教育的许多功能已经被社会新领域分担,强调教育实践的对象是人,是对本真教育的恢复。教育应该集中于人,不能对教育赋予过分的功能。

In Aristotelian era,the core of practice is good,an activity of man to man,and practice is an ethic term.But after Aristotle,practice has some other new connotation,such as an activity of man to society and nature.Without ethics,pedagogy is impossible,for educational practice must be an activity of good and the objects of education are man.Education can directly mould man,while it is indirect for education to affect society and nature.Education ought to focus on man,and we should not impose excessive function.